Marcos Grigorian (1925–2007)

Marcos Grigorian (1925–2007) was an influential Iranian-Armenian and American artist, gallery owner, curator, and teacher. He is recognized as a pioneer of modern Iranian art and was known for his diverse and experimental practice, especially his signature "Earthworks" series. Born to an Armenian family in Russia, Grigorian moved to Iran as a child in 1930. He later studied at the Accademia di Belle Arti in Rome, where he was exposed to classical and modern masters.

Returning to Tehran in 1954, he became a major force in the Iranian art scene. He established the Galerie Esthétique, one of the city's first modern galleries, and organized the first Tehran Biennial in 1958.


He was a faculty member at the Fine Arts Academy in Tehran and lived a nomadic life between the Soviet Union, Iran, Italy, the US, and Armenia. Grigorian studied different weaving techniques and even wove some pieces himself, combining his knowledge of traditional Armenian patterns with modern art. His approach resulted in artworks rather than conventional floor coverings.


Symbolism: His work often features geometric shapes like squares and circles, and symbols of nature and eternity that draw on ancient Armenian iconography. He incorporated motifs from the ancient Urartian kingdom and Armenian highlands.


Materials: Many of his pieces were created with "earth-painting," using a mixture of soil, earth, and paint on canvas, which gave his works a rugged, textural quality. He also founded a carpet-weaving workshop in Yerevan, Armenia, in 1992.